Acute stress deteriorates breast meat quality of Ross 308 broiler chickens by inducing redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction

Hongju Liao, Lin Zhang, Jiaolong Li, Tong Xing, Feng Gao

This study investigated the effects of acute stress on breast meat quality, redox status, and mitochondrial function in pectoralis major (PM) muscle of broilers. A total of 168 broiler chickens (42-d-old, Ross 308) were randomly divided into control (CON) and preslaughter transport (T) treatments. A broiler was an experimental unit. Each treatment consisted of 84 broilers, and they were put in 12 crates with 7 broilers each. Broilers in the T group were transported according to a designed protocol, and the CON broilers were kept in crates under normal living conditions before slaughtering. Based on the meat quality traits assessed at postmortem 24 h, all PM muscles of the transported broilers were further classified into normal (T-NOR) and pale, soft, and exudative (PSE)-like (T-PSE) groups for the determination of redox status in PM muscle and isolated mitochondria, energy metabolites, mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes activities, as well as mitochondrial function-modulating genes expression. Compared with CON, the extent of lipid peroxidation as well as protein oxidation were significantly increased in both PM muscles and mitochondria in T-PSE (P < 0.05), whereas not in T-NOR. Higher activities of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, and Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase were observed in PM muscle of T-NOR broilers when compared with CON (P < 0.05). Preslaughter transport increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as enhanced antioxidant capacity in PM mitochondria of broilers (P < 0.05). Compared with CON, the ATP content, activities of complexes I and III, as well as relative mitochondrial membrane potential and swelling were significantly decreased in T-PSE (P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes in either ATP content or complex I activity were observed in T-NOR. Preslaughter transport enhanced the mRNA expression of regulators involved in the glutathione system, thioredoxin 2 system, and mitochondrial biosynthesis in PM muscle of broilers (P < 0.05). Moreover, we noticed a more evident enhancement effect in T-NOR than in T-PSE (P < 0.05). Overall, this work indicates that acute stress-induced redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction have significant implications for the development of PSE-like meat.